What device is used to diagnose central sleep apnea?

Polysomnography with specialized monitoring is the most comprehensive method for diagnosing central sleep apnea. This diagnostic procedure involves the continuous recording of multiple physiological parameters during sleep, including brain activity, eye movement, muscle activity, heart rate, airflow, and blood oxygen levels. Specialized monitoring may involve additional channels focused on detecting specific patterns that characterize central sleep apnea, such as the absence of respiratory effort during apneic episodes.

Different types of sleep apnea have distinct underlying mechanisms, and central sleep apnea, in particular, involves a failure of the brain to send appropriate signals to the muscles that control breathing. This condition is best assessed in a controlled sleep facility where trained technicians can monitor and analyze complex data. Therefore, using polysomnography enables healthcare professionals to accurately identify and differentiate central sleep apnea from obstructive sleep apnea, which requires different treatment approaches.

Other devices mentioned, such as a CPAP machine, primarily serve as a treatment option rather than a diagnostic tool. Home sleep apnea tests can provide useful preliminary information for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea but may not capture the complete picture needed to confirm central sleep apnea. An oximeter is useful for measuring blood oxygen levels but lacks the comprehensive data needed for a proper diagnosis of central sleep apnea.