Certified Polysomnographic Technician (CPSGT) Practice Exam

K-complexes are a significant feature of Stage 2 sleep. They appear as large waveforms on an EEG and are thought to play a role in the brain's process of transitioning between sleep and wakefulness. K-complexes can occur in response to external stimuli, indicating their importance in maintaining sleep continuity and protecting the sleeper from waking. In Stage 2 sleep, the EEG also shows sleep spindles, which are another hallmark of this stage. This combination of K-complexes and sleep spindles is critical in reflecting the stability of sleep and is involved in memory consolidation. In contrast, while K-complexes are typically not noted in the other stages, Stage 1 sleep primarily features theta waves and is characterized by light sleep. Stage 3 is associated with slow-wave sleep (delta waves), which occurs after Stage 2 and is important for deep restorative sleep. REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and muscle atonia, is usually dominated by sawtooth waves and lacks K-complexes. Hence, K-complexes are specifically and reliably found in Stage 2 sleep.